Highly atherogenic small Type B LDL particle size is associated with low HDL and mildly elevated triglyceride levels.

While independent correlations are found between both triglyceride and HDL and LDL particle size, the correlation between Triglyceride/HDL ratio and LDL particle size is highly significant (p<0.0001, r=0.42). 

The percentage of type B dense highly atherogenic LDL particles increases significantly when Trig/HDL ratio > 2.  Additionally LDL/HDL ratios < 1.7 are associated with reduction in plaque size. These ratios are therefore independent risk factors for atheromatous disease.

In this paper we review the long term effect of three 15-20 minute sessions per week of high intensity interval training together with optimisation of medical therapy in primary and secondary prevention of coronary disease.

Clinical, biochemical parameters and the incidence of further cardiac and non-cardiac events, hospital admission and death over the period 1984-2013 will be reported.

Patients maintained the improvement of these profiles over follow up periods in excess of five years and in the case of HDL elevation significantly improved over time.

In this cohort cardiac readmission rates have been reduced to 16% over a minimum five years,  patients’ ratios of Trig/LDL < 2.0 and LDL/HDL < 1.7 being 84% and 63% respectively.

A review of the prognostic implications of these ratios on long term sequelae will be presented

A submission to the recent medicare review unit (based on the results from this programme) suggesting long term prevention of chronic disease programmes be transferred from institutions to suitable general practices appears to have been accepted.